Rowland



BOWLAND o. PIGKIN, oFcHIcAeo, ILLINOIS.

v :ROLLER-DRILL.

To all whom tjr/wy concern:

Be it known that I, RowLAND O. PICKIN,

a. subject of the King of Great Britain, re-

siding at Chicago, in the county ofCook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new? and useful Improvements in Roller- Drills, of which the following is a specication. l

ThisI invention relates in drills and has more particular reference to `drills of the typegenerally designated as roller drills.

One of the primary objects of my present` invention is to provide a drill of this general character which shall comprise novel cutting tools adapted to cut and loosen the @material by a crushing'and pulverizing acthe bearings for the tion as' the toolsv roll over the surface to be cut.

Another object of the invention is the provision of novel spindles upon which the -cutting tools are mounted, these spindles being connected with 4a cutting head so that the tools are normally heldin the desired relai j tion to produce the mounting ofthe spindles, however, permitting lateral movement of the tools upony that the tools a hole ofthe required size,

withdrawal of the drill so will not bind against the sides of'the hole vor be broken upon Withdrawal of the drill.

Another object..of the invention is to provide improved anti-friction .bearings upon which the cutting tools turn and to so construct the spindles upon which the -tools are mounted thatwater will be delivered to purpose of cooling them andv removing any dirt and sediment which may vcollect therein.

A further object is the provisionv of means for admitting an additional supply of water, under pressure, to the hole being drilled for the purpose of removing from the hole the particles which have been loosened and crushed by the tools. j l

Other objects and advantagesof the invention will be appreciated as the invention 1s better understood by reference to the following description, when consldered 1n connection with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the d rawlngs, 'l Figure 1 is a vertlcal sectional View of a drill embodying my invention, this view beon the lme 1-1 of` ing taken substantially Fig. 4f;

Specification of Letters Patent. I

shown in Figs. 1 to 3 general to boring Y construction. It will be these shoulders serving` to vPatented May 6, 1919.

Application led November 20, 1913. Serial N o. 802,024.

F 2 is a similar view taken atright anw 55 gles to Fig. 1 on the line 2-2 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1

Fig.l --1 is a' bottom plan view of the drill inclusive, and

Fig. 5 is a perspective view. of one of the v cutting tools, or ring eferring to the drawings, reference characterl 6 designates the tube or'hollow drill rod, which carries the drill proper, and by means of which thek drill is rotated. The lower end of the tube 6 is interiorly threaded to receive the eXteriorly threaded drill head 8. The drill head is provided with a plurality of arcuate sockets 9 extending therethrough from top to bottom, these sockets being tapered from bottom to top as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for purposes to be later set forth. A spindle is mounted in each of these sockets and projects beneath the head. In the form of the invention disclosed on the drawings the head is equipped with four sockets and the oppositely disposed sockets carry spindles of similar construction, the alternate spindles differing in manifest, however, that r the head may be provided with a greater or less number of sockets and may carry more or less spindles, as may be required'by thecharacter of the material to be drilled.

Each of the spindles comprise a shank 11 having inclined sides adapted to `fit snugly in the tapering sockets, the upper ends of the Shanks being extended above the head and threaded to` receive nuts 12, between which and the upper face of the head eX` .Y

pansion springs 13 are interposed to yieldingly 'urge the spindles upwardly in the sockets so that they are firmly engaged with the walls of the sockets. The spindles are also equipped with shoulders 14 adapted to abut against the lower face of the head, limit the upward movement of the spindle shanks in the sockets and also to transmit the thrust from the head to the spindles during the operation of the drill. The spindles shown in Fig. 1 are formed beneath the head to provide downwardly and outwardly projecting bearing portions 15, upon which the cutting tools are rotatably mounted. These `tools comprise in each instance a circular cutting ring 16 beveled ofi' at either end indicated at 17, the outer faces of the tool being provided with outwardly projecting sharpened studs 18 which cut, crumble and crush the rock or other material being drilled as the ring rolls along upon rotation of the head. The inner circumference or bore of each tool is shaped to provide a central race-way 19 for the receptionof roller bearings 21 and also to provide race-ways-at the ends of the tools to accommodate the ball bearings 22. The tools may be secured in position on the bearing portions of the spindles by caps of suitable construction, the caps 23 shown in Fig. l being interiorly threaded Jfor engagement with the exteriorly threaded portions 15 of the spindles.

rl`he other pair of spindles shown in Fig. 2, uch alternate with the spindles shown in Fig. 1, have downwardly and inwardly projecting bearing portions 24, so that the tools or cutting rings 16 in this instance are disposed substantially at an angle of 90 to the tools shown in Fig. 1. In other words, the spindles forone pair of tools .extend outwardly substantially at an angle of 45 from the vertical axis of the drill while the bearing portions of the other pair of spindles extend inwardly at an angle of substantially 45. While the tools or cutting rings 16 may be secured onthe bearing portions of the spindles shown in Fig. 2 by caps 4.

23, like those shown in Fig. 1, I may, if preferred, employ caps 25 adapted for threaded engagement with the interiorly threaded bearing portions 24." In either form of cap the peripheral flange at the outer end of the cap overlies the outer circle of ball bearings and retains the cutting ring in position on the spindle.

For the purpose of keeping the bearings cool, also to keep them free ,from sediment and dirt, and for the further purpose of supplying water, under pressure, to the hole being drilled so that this water will rise in the hole around the tube 6 and carry out with it the particles which have been loosened by the drill, I have provided each spindle with a longitudinally extending bore, or duct, 26. In Fig. 2 these ducts are shown as extending longitudinally through the spindles and terminating at their lower ends in the roller bearing raceway. In Fig. 1 the bearing portions 15 of the spindles are cored as indicated by reference character 27, and the cap 28 is provided with a transverse passage'28 communicating with the core 27 to deliver water from the ducts 26 to the roller bearing race-way. In either form of spindle the Water, under pressure,

is delivered to the roller bearings, from' whence it Hows, under pressure, past the ball bearings and out at the ends of'the cutting rings. This continuous iow of water under pressure not only cools thehearings but also prevents the entrance of dirt or sediment into the bearings, thereby reducing the wear and increasing their life.

The present drill is designed for core drillin that is, drilling a circular channel or ditc leaving a core upstanding in the center. To this end the head has a central opening which is interiorly threaded to receive a coupling 28. This coupling thteadedly connects at its upper end with a core barrel 29 which extends upwardly a distance substantially equal to the deepest cut that will be made at any one time without withdrawing the drill.. During the drilling operation the uncut core 30 remains in the center of'the opening and Within the core barrel 29. Beneath the core barrel a core engaging member 31,v which consists of a split tapered cylinder,.fis carried by thel coupling 28 which has its inner face corre spondingly tapered as indicated at 32. When the drill is being forced downwardly the core engaging member assumes substantially the position shown in Figs.A 1 and 2, but when the drill is withdrawn the tapered faces 32 of the coupling surrounding the member compress the member into engagement with the core so that the core is broken oft' and lifted 4out with the drill.

`When the drillis in operation the tube 6 above the head is filled with water under pressure, which is preventedfrom entering the top of the core barrel by a cap 33 equipped with a pressure valve 34 which is normally held in closed position by an expansion spring 35. The water under pressure is forced through the ducts 26 in the spindles through the bearings of the cutting rings into the opening being drilled, as previously described, from whence it flows upwardly outside the tube 6 to the top of the hole, carrying the sediment and crushed material with it. When the rock or soil in which the drill is Working is relatively soft the water which enters through the ducts 26 is sometimes insuiiicient to remove the material loosened by the cutters. In this event the pressure on the water in the tube 6 is increased until it overcomes the resistance of the spring 30, whereupon some water enters the core barrel past the valve 34 and is forced downwardly around the core into the opening and out around the tube 6, thus supplementing the water supply through the ducts 26 and assisting in removing the loosened material.

It will be understood lfrom the foregoing that with part of the spindles projecting outwardly and the remainder projecting in'- wardly the cutting rings are arranged so that one pair cuts the inner portion of the opening while the other bearing cuts the outer portion, with the result that a circular opening or channel is formed having straight inner and outer walls- The beveled end portions 17 of the cutting rings operate against the side wa-lls of the opening and insure an opening of suiiicient size to 'prevent binding of the cutters. It will be manifest that since both ends of the cutting, rings are substantially identical the cutters may be reversed'on the spindles if one end should become worn more than the other.

When the drill is withdrawn from the hole if the cutting rings should engage with or bind against'the vertical walls of the, hole the spindles will be drawn downwardly in the head against the force of the springs 13, which movement, by reason of the tapered sockets and the tapered spindle shanks, will permit a slight movement of the spindles in the sockets suiiiciently to :relieve the engagement between the cutting ring and the ,wall of the hole, thereby permitting the drill to be readily withdrawn. ertedv uponthe drill during the operation will, ofcourse, tend to force the spindles tightly into the sockets so that the springs 13 need not be relied upon to any great eX- tent while the drill is working.

It is believed that my invention and its Inode of operation will be sufici'ently understood from Kthe foregoing without further descriptionand it will be obvious that various changes in the mechanical details` dis# closed may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing anv of its material advantages.

I claim:

l. In aroller drill, the combination of a head, a plurality of spindles slidably;v connected with said head, a cutting ring rota` tably monted on each spindleantifr iction bearings interposed between said rings and said spindles, and means for detachably securing said rings on the spindles, saidvspindles being provided with bores through which water, under pressure, is conducted from above the head to said bearingsx'j 2. In a drill, the combination of a head, a plurality of spindles having Shanks seated in said head and shoulders limiting the upward movement o'f the spindles, springs for yieldingly holding said shoulders in engagement withthe head, said spindles being also provided with bearing portions disposed bedles neath the head, cutting rings rotatably mounted on said spindles, and means for securing said rings against displacement from the spindles. Y

3. In a drill, the combinationk of a .head provided with ay plurality of sockets, spineach comprising bearing portions, shoulders adapted to abut against said head and a shank, seated in said socket, said spindles being provided with bores extending from end to end thereof, cutting rings rotatably mounted on said spindles, anduantifriction means interposed between said cut ting rings and said spindles.

The pressure ex-y 4. In a drin, the' Combination of va, head, a

spindle comprising a vshank projecting through' said head, a shoulder abutting against the lower e-nd of the head and a bearing portion projecting beneath the head,

means for yieldingly 'holding said shoulder in engagement with the head, and a cutting roller rotatably mounted 'on said bearing' portion.

5. In a drill, the combination of a head provided with sockets having tapering side walls, spindles having in said sockets, means for yieldingly holding said spindles in said sockets so as to prevent lateral movement of the spindles relatively to the head, and vcutting means rotatably mounted on said spindles, said ,yielding means for holding the spindles in adapted to permit partial the sockets being withdrawal of the spindles from'the sockets upon downward pressure, on the spindles whereby the spindles are'permitted to move laterally upon withdrawal of the-drill from a hole. f

6. In a drill, they combination of a head, a plurality of spindles connected thereto' and depending beneath the head, saidy spindles eing provided with ducts for the passage of water longitudinally of the spindles, cut-- ting ringsfrotatably mounted on the lower ends of the spindles, ball bearings interposed between said rings and said spindles,

said water ducts being arranged to deliver water through said bearings around the spindles, and `means threadedly engaged with said spindles for retaining the rings in pov s ition.

7. In adrill, the combination of a head provided with a plurality vof sockets arranged in a circle, ayspindle seated in each of said sockets and projecting beneath the head, said sockets and the portions of the spindles engaged therewith having 4inclined side walls, springs for normally holding said spindles in seated position in said sockets,

'cutting rings rotatably mounted on the lower ends of said spindles, and means threadeldly engaged with the spindles for holding said rings in position on the spindles. v v

8. In a drill, the combination of a head, a

core barrel connected thereto, a core remover disposed within said head, a plurality of spindles connected to said head and project- A ing beneath the head, cutting rings mounted on said spindles, ball bearings interpcs'e'd between said cutting rings andfsaid spindles, thespindles being provided with ducts for discharging water from above the head downwardly disposed over the top oi said core barrel,

and la downwardly opening pressure valvev carried by said cap through which water under` a predetermined ,pressure may be admitted: to the core barrel and around lthe core therein.

through said bearings, a capA isc ` spindles,

9. In a drill, the combination of a head, a core barrel connected therewith, a valve normally closing the upper end of said core barrel, a plurality of spindles mounted in said head 7and projecting beneath the head, cutting rings rotatably mounted on said roller bearings upon 'which the rings turn, said spindles being provided with longitudinally extending ducts for supplying water to said roller bearings, and a core remover disposed above said cutting rings.

10. In a drill, the combination of a head, a plurality of spindles carried thereby,a

cutting ring mounted on each spindle,

formed to provide roller and ball bearing race-ways, and roller and ball bearings disposed in said race-ways, said spindles being provided with ducts for discharging water into said race-ways.

11. In a drill, the combination of a head, a plurality of spindles carried thereby, a cutting ring mounted 'on each spindle, formed to provide roller and ball bearing race-ways, and roller and ball bearings disposed in said race-ways, said spindles being provided with ducts for discharging water into said roller race-ways.

12. In a drill, the combination of a plu- ,rality of downwardly projecting spindles provided with longitudinally extending ducts, a cutting ring mountedv on each of said spindles, caps for retaining said rings in position on the spindles and anti-friction bearings interposed between said spindles and said rings, the ducts through said spindles being adapted to discharge water through said bearings to the hole being drilled.,

13. In a drill, the combination of a plurality of spindles arranged in pairs, the lower ends of the spindles of one pair projecting inwardly and the lower ends of another pair projecting outwardly, cutting rings mounted on eac of said spindles, roller bearings interposed between the rings and the spindles, and capsfor retaining the rings in position on the spindles, said spindles being provided with longitudinally disposed ducts adapted to discharge water through the spindles to said bearings.

14. A rotary drill consisting of a head provided with reversible side cutters arranged in inclined positions on the head and 'each provided with two oppositely beveled cuttin portions that act simultaneously on the si e wall and on the bottom of the hole,

said beveled portions being of the same angle and also having the same cutting area so that each cutter can be reversed when the cutting portion ofthe same that acts on the side wall of the hole has become worn.

15. A rotary boring drill comprising `a head, and apair of reversible side cutters disposed diametrically opposite each other the same angle,

and revolving in Ainclined planes that con verge in the head, each ofv said side cutters lhavingtwo oppositely beveled cutting portions that act simultaneously on the side wall and on the bottom of the hole, the oppositely beveled cutting portion of each cutter bein of the same length and diameter so that t e cutter can be reversed after the cutting portion of same that acts on the side wall of the; hole has become worn.

16. A rotary boring drill comprising a head, and a reversible side cutter arranged on said head in such a manner that the upper portion of same inclines "inwardly toward the vertical axis of the head, said cutter having a cylindrical-shaped cutting portion and two oppositely beveled cutting portions of the same angle, length and area that lie on opposite sides of said cylindrical shaped portion and which act' simultaneously on the side wall and on the bottom of the hole, thereby enabling the cutter to be reversed after the. portion of samev that acts on the side wall of the hole has become worn.

17. A rotary boring drill comprising a head provided with a reversible inclined side cutter whose axis of rotation inclines downwardly and inwardly toward the longitudinal axis of the head, .said cutter having two oppositely tapered cutting portions of length and area that act on the side wall and on the bottom of the hole simultaneously and which are located on opposite sides of a cylindrical portion of the cutter that is concentric with relation to the axis about which the cutter revolves, thereby enabling the cutter to be reversed.

18. A rotary boring drill having a reversible side crftter which is provided with cutting surfaces of the same angle and cutting area which act simultaneously on the bottom and on the side wall of the hole, both of said cutting surfaces being located the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the cutter, thereby enabling the cutter to be reversed.

19. In a roller rock drill, a reversible cutter having inclined faces, and a cylindrical face, said faces being provided with cuttin teeth.

t 20. n a roller rock drill, a cutter having two equally and symmetrically proportioned inclined cutting faces, said faces being provided with cutting teeth, and an axis for said cutter which is inclined and fixed relative to the axis of the drill.

21. In a roller rock drill, a cutter having two equally proportioned inclined faces, and a cylindrical face, said faces being provided with cutting teeth. I

22. In a rock drill, a cutter cylindrical at its longitudinal center and having end cutting faces angularly arranged with respect to the cylindrical cutting face, said cylindrical face and said end faces all having cutting teeth.

23. In a rock drill, a head, a cutter arranged to cut on the sides and bottom of the hole, cylindrical at its-v longitudinal center and having end cutting faces, said cylindrical face and said end faces all having cutting teeth.

24. In a drill, the combination of a plurality ofspindles, cutting rings rotatably mounted thereon and means for holding said rings in position, said rings having an outer face cylindrical at its longitudinal center and tapered inwardly at each end providing inclined faces, and all of said faces being equipped with projecting cutting studs.

25. In a roller drill, ythe combination of1 a drill head, a plurality of spindles mounted in said drill head and a rotatable cutter onl each of said spindles, said cutter comprising a central cylindrical cutting face and tapering end cutting faces of substantially the same dimensionsv and form.

26. A rotary drill, comprising a head provided with a reversible cutter having a plurality of cuttingfaces and arranged in inclined position on the head and acting to cut simultaneously on the side Wall and bottom of the hole, the end halfof said cutter being of the same dimensions and proportions as A the other end half thereof.-

27. In a rock drill a plurality of cutters each having a cylindrical non-tapering body portion, and an inclined end portion which is adapted to cut either on a substantially horizontal plane or on a substantially verti' cal line, certain of said cutters being mounted on axes Whichl are inclined up- Wardly and outwardly relative to the axis of the drill, the latter being the aXis of gyration of the said cutters, and other of said cutters being mounted on axes which are inclined upwardly and inwardly relative to said aXis of the drill.

28. In a rock drill, a cutter having its two end halves of the same dimensions and proportions, each half of said cutter having anv endvvise-cutting inclined face provided with cutting teeth, and an axis for said cutter which is held immovable as to its distance from the axis of the drill.

ROWLAND O. PICKIN. 

